Depending on the setting of the Star CBM Reading – Overall Risk Score preference, in Star CBM Data Insights, the Caregiver Report, and the historical extract, you may see the % at Risk Overall, also known as the Overall Risk Score. This score represents the likelihood a student is at risk for not meeting grade-level expectations in reading as defined by a combined set of scores or composite. The Overall Risk Score is available for Star CBM Reading, and it was developed to support customers who must adhere to state-level reporting requirements. The Overall Risk Score is not intended to replace the single screening measure per grade/season for universal screening purposes, and it is only calculated once per season.
Star CBM Reading Overall Risk Scores show you which students are at risk because their composite scores are below the 20th percentile. Overall Risk Scores are a combination of selected Foundations of Literacy measures in each grade that 1) have norms across the full year and 2) are the most psychometrically useful for creating a combined indicator of risk based on performance in these literacy/reading measures.
The Overall Risk Score is available for students in grades K-2; it is only available for the current school year. The following measures are used to create the scores. Only students who have scores in each of the measures for their grade in a season have Overall Risk Scores for that season.
- Kindergarten
- Letter Naming
- Letter Sounds
- Phoneme Segmentation
- Receptive Nonsense Words
- Grade 1
- Expressive Nonsense Words
- Passage Oral Reading
- Phoneme Segmentation
- Grade 2
- Expressive Nonsense Words
- Passage Oral Reading
You can read more about the Overall Risk Score in Purposes and Guidance for Star CBM Reading Overall Risk/Composite Score.
Why Were These Measures Selected?
The Overall Risk Score is a composite score that provides an overall summary of performance for select Star CBM foundations of literacy measures that are psychometrically useful for providing a combined indicator of risk. The selected measures were chosen because they were normed across all seasons in a grade and therefore can provide a consistent representation across a grade, there were 20 forms of the measure available in that grade, and the combination of measures yielded a sufficiently high alternate forms reliability of at least 0.80.
By default, Overall Risk Scores are not displayed in the software; the District Level Administrator can make the scores visible using the Star CBM - Overall Risk Score preference. Overall Risk Scores are available in kindergarten through second grade. In kindergarten, the Overall Risk Score is a combination of scores from Letter Naming, Letter Sounds, Phoneme Segmentation, and Receptive Nonsense Words. In grade 1, the overall risk score is a combination of scores from Expressive Nonsense Words, Passage Oral Reading, and Phoneme Segmentation. In grade 2, the overall risk score is a combination of scores from Expressive Nonsense Words and Passage Oral Reading. In order for the Overall Risk Score to be computed, students must take all measures that comprise the Overall Risk Score for that grade in that season. The Overall Risk Score is only provided once per season and is based on the first test administration of each measure in a season.
What Is the Scale Score for and What Does It Mean?
The Overall Risk Score was developed as a scale score with a corresponding Percentile Rank and risk category. For ease of use, the Percentile Rank is most often shown in Data Insights order to provide the simplest view of this composite. However, the scale score is also shown when you click into a benchmark group and see the corresponding list of students.
For reference:
| Grade | Range of Scores |
|---|---|
| Kindergarten | 1 to 999 |
| 1 | 1,000 to 1,999 |
| 2 | 2,000 to 2,999 |
The scale score is designed to show the student's overall performance across these selected measures with a single number that ties to a Percentile Rank and benchmark.